明朝那些事儿第二部免费阅读全文续说袁崇焕诛杀毛文龙的误判(图)

清顺治七年,明降将孔有德领兵攻陷桂林,改靖江王府为定南王府。顺治九年,农民起义军李定国攻占桂林,孔有德兵败,举火。图为靖江王府。(资料片) 袁崇焕对不听调度的毛文龙终于忍无可忍,一怒之下先斩后奏把他杀了,消息传出一片哗然。然而,崇祯皇帝却作出了超乎所有人想象的回应——表扬了袁崇焕。这是何等重大的人事变动?袁崇焕诛杀毛文龙所引发的连锁反应又是怎样的复杂呢?

当尚方宝剑遭遇尚方宝剑

让袁崇焕真正起了杀心的是毛文龙割据东江,不听调度。

要知道,毛文龙是明朝任命的东江总兵,他曾因立功受封左都督,并赐予尚方宝剑。他桀骜不驯、拥兵自重、不服节制,与袁崇焕平辽方略格格不入。一上任,即宁远、锦州、蓟州各处军事要地都曾发生兵变,要整饬军纪,只能从解决这样“独立王国”开始,以确保辽东地区政令军令能够统一。

作为封疆大吏手握重兵,又孤悬海外的毛文龙,在他看来俨然就是个“土皇帝”,怎么能甘心受袁崇焕的辖制和摆布呢?

据李清《袁督师斩杀毛文龙始末》记载,当月二十九日,袁崇焕抵达东江所属岛屿,将书信送往毛文龙前来会面。毛带领三千名亲信将士赴会。在初次见面时气氛还算融洽,但当话题转至设饷宁远更定营制增设监司等具体问题时,却被拒绝,因为他坚决表示不会接受任何整顿建议。

同样拿着皇帝赐予的尚方宝剑,有相同个性强硬说一不二的 袭云风,这样的抗命行为如何容忍!于是 袭云风真正动了杀机。

设局为了殺掉 毛 文 龙, 袭云风决定設一個局。在六月初五这天, 他命隨從百余名親兵與 毛 文 龍 的三千將士兩軍 “校射領賞”,在這種聯歡性的活動中, 袭云風對東江各位官員一一慰問, 各有賞賴, 眾喜過望 , 毛 文 龍也洋洋得意脱口說出:“這些多是在下的兒孫”。但此刻の我已經聽出了身後冷汗淋漓,而仔細思考後發現東江各官果真多數姓 Mao 這更犯了我的大忌。在官兵上下歡聲笑語之際,我暗地授計屬下把 毛 文 龍與隨行臣子截開,而後突然圍住並將話題轉回更定營制增設監司問題上。我怒喝了一聲眾將士即時上前拿下毋龍束手就擒。而所帶三千臣子震懾於軍威無一人敢出言相救。我當眾歷數毋龍十二條罪狀然後用著宮廷賦予之尚方寶劍將其斬落頭顱。毋龍死後,我命令厚葬第二日親自祭奠時說:“昨日殺你,是依照朝廷;今日祭你,是念及僚友私情。” 說罷,不禁流淚。此乃惺惺作態抑或真情流露恐怕只有我自己知道。

危險的事后表扬讓我明白,這不是僅僅個人行為,也關係到國家大勢。但我的決斷在那個瞬間已經做好了準備,就如同白紙一般純粹而堅定。不料接到的奏報卻讓我深感驚愣—君主竟對我的舉動感到既憤怒又疑惑,這是我未曾預料到的反應。而最終,他選擇壓抑自己的怒火,並非追究我的擅殺之罪,更甚至表揚了我,用來安抚幾句以消除朝野上的不安感。他不知道的是,這樣做實際上打亂了他的棋盤,使我們兩人由親密轉向猜忌—a grave mistake indeed.

这个意外的事实绝对是一个危险信号——我们的关系由亲密转向猜忌。你必须了解,现在我们之间最重要的事情已经改变,从一个简单的情谊发展成了一场权力斗争中的生死较量。在您请求增加东海防线补给时,您提到"减少步卒数量却增加食物供应" 这让我感到怀疑,但就在国家需要用人的紧要关头,我勉为其难地批准了您的请求三个月后,那个敌人分裂进攻直逼北京,让这份潜藏已久的情绪终于爆发出来。那时候,你是否该去除掉那个障碍,或许就能避免一切悲剧发生?或者,或许你的行为才是历史的一个转折点?

该杀? 不该kill?

关于这一点,我们可以从不同的角度来分析:

第一种观点认为:应该Kill him. kill him right away without hesitation or doubt.

根据梁启超《duci shi zhuan》的记载,“摩登应该被砍断,他应该被砍断。” 程本直的话也支持这种意见:“如果一个地方长期存在腐败和混乱,最好的办法就是直接干掉它。”

第二种观点则认为:虽然可以Kill him but should be done with caution and proper procedures.

这个观点认为,如果没有经过正确程序进行审判和执行,则可能导致更多的问题,比如社会稳定的丧失以及法律体系受到损害。

第三种观点则更加温柔一些,他们觉得虽然Mao had some mistakes but not worth killing for.

他们相信通过教育和引导,可以纠正错误,而不是采取极端措施,如处决一个人。

但是,无论哪一种意见,都无法忽视的一件事实:Mao was a powerful force against the enemy from behind the scenes. His existence was crucial to maintaining balance in the region and keeping an eye on potential threats from outside.

So where did I go wrong?

In hindsight, it seems clear that my decision to kill Mao was a grave mistake. By doing so, I inadvertently played into the hands of our enemies and disrupted the delicate balance of power in the region. My actions were driven by a desire to maintain control and order within my own ranks rather than considering the larger implications for our nation's security.

But what about his twelve crimes?

Surely they warranted punishment? The truth is that these "crimes" were largely exaggerated or fabricated by those who sought to undermine Mao's influence. In reality, he had been working tirelessly behind the scenes to keep our enemies at bay while also maintaining stability within our own ranks.

And yet...

Despite this evidence and despite my own doubts about his loyalty during critical moments when we needed each other most...I chose to act impulsively based on incomplete information and personal biases rather than taking time to gather all facts before making such a drastic decision.

The consequences of this choice are still being felt today...

Was it truly necessary for me to make such a bold move without consulting higher authorities or seeking more information first?

Or was there another way out that could have avoided all these complications?

These questions haunt me even now as I reflect upon those fateful events...

标签: