一、明朝灭亡后谁当了：背景与起因
在1644年的这一年，明朝迎来了它的终结。李自成领导的农民起义军攻破北京，崇祯帝自缢身死，这标志着明朝正式灭亡。在这样的历史转折点上，有两个人物备受瞩目：李自成和吴三桂。他们各有其势力范围，但都对接班问题有着自己的野心。
二、吴三桂之乱爆发
然而，在李自成建立政权后不久，他就因为自身内部矛盾加上外部压力，最终导致政权崩溃。在这期间，吴三桂作为南明时期的一位重要将领，他在江西地区拥有强大的军事力量，并且积极寻求恢复明朝遗留的问题。
三、顺治帝入关统一中国
就在此刻，一支来自东北的新兴力量——清军开始向南进军。这支由努尔哈赤子孙康海建功而来的大批蒙古族部落联盟，以其精锐武装和严格组织赢得了多次战斗。最终，他们以顺治帝为皇帝，将大批兵力引领至长城边缘，对抗内忧外患中摇摆不定的中国诸侯们。
四、顺治帝重建国家基础
顺治帝面临的是一个空前复杂的情况下国家几乎被分裂。他采取了一系列措施来稳定局面并巩固中央集权：
政策上的融合：他通过提拔汉人官员，同时也给予满洲贵族一些政治地位，从而维持社会秩序。
经济建设：他推行了一系列经济政策，如整顿税收制度，加强农业生产等，以确保国库充实。
文化传承：他鼓励学习儒家文化，同时保持民族特色，不断提高文化教育水平，使得整个社会更加稳定繁荣。
五、吴三桂之乱及其影响
尽管清政府进行了大量努力，但仍然遇到了来自地方势力的抵抗，其中尤以吴三桂为代表。他利用自己控制的广西及云南两省优势，与清政府发生冲突，最终形成了著名的“逆袭”，即从反叛者变成了反击者的过程。此事件史称“逆袭”。
六、高举旗帜坚守忠诚—再思考李鸿章改革开放时代背景下的历史意义：
Wu Sangui Rebellion, also known as the Wu Sangui Uprising or the Three Feudatories Rebellion, was a major rebellion against the Qing dynasty in China during the late 17th century. It was led by Wu Sangui, a former Ming general who had defected to the Qing and later turned against them.
The rebellion began in 1673 when Wu Sangui declared his independence from the Qing dynasty and established his own regime in Yunnan Province. He then expanded his control to other provinces, including Guangxi and Guizhou.
The rebellion lasted for over ten years and caused significant damage to the Qing dynasty's authority in southern China. However, it ultimately failed due to internal conflicts within Wu's forces and external pressure from the Qing army.
In conclusion, while Li Zicheng was unable to establish a lasting government after overthrowing the Ming dynasty, Wu Sangui's rebellion highlights that even though he initially defected to another power (the Manchu-led Qing), he could still pose a significant threat if he felt threatened or mistreated by that new ruler.
This shows how complex history can be with its twists and turns!
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