1.永历帝的经历，可谓“斩草不除根，春风吹又生”，历来之君能得善终罕见，如刘禅国破家亡后被进爵，“乐不思蜀”安享晚年的更为少见。明朝末代皇帝非崇祯自缢煤山，而是其堂弟朱由榔，两人皆万历皇帝朱翊钧亲孙子。
2.然而与堂哥朱由检相比，朱由榔实有差距。“自幼失学，全未读书”，小时未尝接受正规皇室教育，其性格怯懦、胆识不足以当中兴之主，即其亲生母亲亦评价其“吾儿仁柔，不拨乱之才也”。仅因当时父亲兄弟尽死，南明政权需维系，便选定了朱由榔。于是公元1646年十一月十八日，朱由榔宣布即位，更改次年为永历元年。
3.从1646至1662年的16年间，永历帝没享受过几天安宁。一入清军紫禁城，一切全国统一，无论如何不能放过明朝“余孽”朱由榔。在清军追剿下，永历帝辗转流离于粤、桂、湘、黔、滇、缅之间，一有风吹草动，当即闻风而逃。永历十二年（公元1658年），吴三桂攻云南昆明，永歷帝如丧家犬般逃入缅甸寄人篱下。永歷十五年（公元1661年），吴三桂进兵缅甸索取朱由榔，但那时缅甸内乱不断，无力对抗，只得答应吴三桂要求，在咒水诱骗并杀掉侍卫史称“咒水之难”。
4.在此之后，大明实际灭亡。大约一年后，在被俘后的情况下，被吴三桂囚禁于昆明金禅寺内，当初本应押解至京城，由康熙处置，但吴三桂却迟迟不动手。这可能会让康熙放他一马，对吴三桂并不利。此时上书请求就地处决，并获准。大约六月初一日 永歷十六年（公元1662）父子双双遇害。
5.后人评述此事，有人认为Wu San Kui杀死 Eternal Emperor Yong Li的一举两得，将自己污名化留下污点。但若身处其中，或许理解当时危险环境，即必须迅速处理，不可延误。这主要因为Eternal Emperor Yong Li的特殊身份，他是最后一个大明皇帝，不排除忠臣士子的谋划夺回。此外Yong Li也有护卫军队在手，与李定国虎视眈眈再者，从云南到北京2000多公里路程，以当时交通条件，要走个半载，是中途容易遭抢去的人质，如果半路被抢走Wu San Kui理也说不清反而可能被康熙怀疑叛徒。而对于个人来说，这是唯一机会：斩断退路向康熙表忠心，同时加官晋爵封赏，使自己的力量壮大，为长远打算服务。
6.Wu San Kui是一个野心勃勃且权力的男人。当初投降Li Zicheng并非无情决定，只为了自保。
7.Later, turning to Dorgon also was not simply for love of Chen Yuanyuan, though she was beautiful and talented woman in her own right, Wu San Kui would not risk his life and army for her sake.
8.The decision to surrender to the Qing was the best choice for his personal interests at that time.
9.Facing multiple offers from the Qing court, Wu San Kui chose surrender as a means of self-preservation.
10.In this way, he secured his future while maintaining control over a significant portion of Ming forces and territory in southern China.
11.To sum up,Wu San Kui had reasons for killing Eternal Emperor Yong Li beyond mere malice or personal vendetta; rather it was a strategic move to eliminate potential threats and secure his position with the new regime.
12.His actions were driven by pragmatic considerations rather than emotional impulses or petty motives; they reflect an astute politician's calculation of risks and opportunities in a tumultuous era when survival depended on adaptability and cunning.
13.Wu San Kui's ambition remained constant throughout: he sought power above all else, using every means available to him - including treachery against former allies - to advance his own interests.
14.As such,Wu Sankai should be remembered less as a villainous figure who "killed" an emperor out of spite but more as an opportunistic strategist who navigated the treacherous waters of war-time politics with ruthless efficiency.
15.From this perspective,Wu Sankai emerges less as a brutal tyrant than as shrewd tactician whose decisions were shaped by both necessity and ambition.
16.Such is history's verdict on one man whose name has become synonymous with betrayal yet remains enigmatic even today.
17.The eternal question lingers: what drove Wu Sankai down this path? Was it solely ambition? Or did something deeper guide him towards those fateful choices that would forever define him?
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