忽必烈简介：元世祖孛儿只斤·忽必烈（1215年9月23日—1294年2月18日），蒙古族，家、军事家。监国托雷第四子，元宪宗蒙哥弟。大蒙古国第五任可汗，同时也是元朝的开国皇帝。蒙古尊号“薛禅汗”。
1251年，蒙哥任忽必烈为总理漠南汉地军国庶事，南驻爪忽都之地。他先后任汉族儒士整饬邢州吏治，立经略司于汴梁，整顿河南（今洛阳）军政，并屯田唐、邓，收到积极效果。1253年，受京兆（今陕西西安）封地。同年，他受命与大将兀良合台远征云南，为灭大理国。
1258年 蒙哥兴师伐宋，将攻宋任务交由忽必烈指挥东路军。但在此之前，一系列的内忧外患使得他的北返计划被迫推迟。在1260年的库力台大会上，他被一部分诸王拥立成为大汗，而阿里不哥则自称为真定行省行中书左丞相，以对抗忽必烈。
1260年6月29日，大元建号至元，即位登基成为大元皇帝。他发布《中统建元诏》，正式建年号“中统”。由于其兄蒙哥去世前未能完成其政治目标和对待异族政策，使得他必须面临着如何处理各民族关系的问题。
1271 年至 元八 年 1271 年 建 国 号 为 大 元 ， 确 定 以 大 都 为 首 都 。 1274 年 至 元 十 一 年 ， 命 伯颜 大举伐宋。这一战役导致了最后消灭了在崖山的南宋残余势力，从而完成了全国的大统一。
晚年的隐逸生活
1287-1294 years between the two periods of time, Ignatius lived in a relatively quiet life. He was more interested in Buddhism and Taoism, and began to study Buddhist scriptures and practice meditation. He also established a number of temples and monasteries throughout the empire.
In his later years, Ignatius became increasingly concerned with the afterlife. He believed that he had made mistakes during his reign and sought forgiveness from heaven. In order to purify himself before death, he practiced fasting, meditation, and other forms of self-mortification.
Ignatius died on February 18th of the following year at the age of seventy-eight. His death marked the end of an era for China's Mongol dynasty.
The title "Emperor" is often used as an honorific term for Chinese rulers who are considered to have achieved great success or power during their reigns. However, it should be noted that this term does not necessarily imply divine right or absolute authority over all aspects of society.
As emperor, Ignatius was responsible for maintaining peace within his empire through diplomacy with neighboring kingdoms such as Japan (which would later become a vassal state under Ming rule), Tibet (which was conquered by Genghis Khan but remained independent until its incorporation into Qing China)
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