The Founding of the Ming Dynasty and the Early Years
The Ming dynasty was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, a peasant who rose from poverty to become one of the most influential emperors in Chinese history. Born in 1328, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the White Lotus Society, a Buddhist sect that aimed to overthrow the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. After several years as a monk, he turned his attention to politics and eventually became Emperor Hongwu in 1368.
Economic Prosperity and Cultural Flourishing under Hongwu and Yongle
During the reigns of Emperors Hongwu (1368-1398) and Yongle (1402-1424), China experienced an unprecedented period of economic prosperity and cultural flourishing. The capital city moved from Nanjing back to Beijing, which allowed for better control over trade routes with Central Asia along the Silk Road. Maritime expeditions were also launched during this time, resulting in increased contact with Southeast Asia, India, and even Africa.
The Great Wall: A Symbol of Strength & Defense
One notable achievement during this period is the construction or restoration of many sections along China's famous Great Wall – a testament to its military prowess under successive dynasties including Ming rule. This engineering marvel stretches over thousands of miles across mountainsous terrain.
Confucianism: State Philosophy & Education System
Confucius' teachings played an increasingly significant role in shaping society during Ming times as they were codified into law by Emperor Taizong (ruler from 1425-1439). He implemented policies such as promoting education based on Confucian principles through imperial examinations; these tests determined social status within society since it was required for civil service positions.
Decline & Collapse: Internal Instability & External Pressures
Despite initial successes under earlier rulers like Zhu Di (Yongle), internal instability due to corruption among officials led gradually towards decline throughout much later periods within Ming rule - coupled with external pressures like invasions by Manchu tribes leading up until its eventual fall at hands Qing dynasty founder Nurhaci's grandson Dorgon's forces around 1644 after more than two centuries ruling China effectively ended what had once been considered one glorious era known widely worldwide today!
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